BUNIONS

A bunion is more than just a bump on your foot. It’s a progressive condition that affects the joint at the base of your big toe and can cause pain, stiffness, swelling, and difficulty wearing shoes comfortably. Bunions form when the big toe slowly shifts out of alignment, creating a visible bony prominence.

Whether you’re noticing a mild bump or dealing with more advanced symptoms, we’re here to help ease your discomfort, restore your mobility, and protect your long-term foot health.

Close-up of a foot with a swollen red bun on the big toe.

What Causes Bunions?

Bunions develop gradually, often from a combination of factors, including:

  • Wearing tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes

  • Genetics (family history of bunions)

  • Flat feet or abnormal walking mechanics

  • Arthritis or joint damage

  • Previous injury to the foot

Signs and Symptoms

  • A visible bony bump at the base of the big toe

  • Pain when walking or wearing shoes

  • Redness, swelling, or calluses over the bump

  • Limited movement of the big toe

  • Overlapping of the big toe with the second toe

BUNION TREATMENTS

TRY AT HOME

  • Switch to wider shoes with a roomy toe box

  • Use bunion pads or cushions to reduce friction

  • Take over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication as needed

IN-OFFICE CONSERVATIVE CARE

When you visit us, we’ll perform a careful exam and may take X-rays to check toe alignment. Depending on your symptoms and lifestyle, your treatment plan may include:

  • Custom orthotics to improve alignment and reduce pressure

  • Padding or taping to relieve discomfort

  • Cortisone injections for inflammation and pain

  • Physical therapy for joint mobility and strengthening

  • Shoe analysis and footwear guidance

ADVANCED & SURGICAL TREATMENT

If conservative care isn’t enough, surgery may be recommended to correct the misalignment and restore comfort. Options include:

  • Osteotomy: Realigning the bone (Chevron, Scarf, or Akin techniques)

  • Tendon or ligament repair: Restoring joint balance

  • Arthrodesis: Fusion of the joint in severe or arthritis-related bunions

  • Exostectomy: Removal of the bony bump

  • Resection arthroplasty: Removing damaged joint surfaces

  • Lapidus procedure: Fusing the first metatarsal bone for lasting correction

Frequently Asked Questions About Bunions

  • Not always. Some bunions may not hurt initially, but they often worsen over time if left untreated.

  • No. Bunions are progressive and will not reverse without treatment. Early care helps slow progression.

  • Yes. Supportive shoes, orthotics, and avoiding tight footwear can reduce pressure and slow progression.

  • No. Many patients find relief with non-surgical care. Surgery is only considered if pain or deformity persists despite conservative treatment.

  • Your surgeon will realign the bones, correct soft tissue imbalance, and remove the bony prominence. Most procedures are outpatient, meaning you go home the same day.

    • First 6 weeks: Limited weight-bearing with a surgical shoe or boot.

    • 6–12 weeks: Gradual return to activity.

    • 3–6 months: Most daily activities resume. Full healing may take 6 months or more.

Disclaimer: The information on this website is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your doctor with any questions about your health.